Structured robot reference

Robot Index

Humanoid database

Robot OEM map

Early UI pass using the company/spec dataset: OEMs, robot specs, deployment status, and supplier exposure in one research surface.

01
US Prototype

Apptronik

Austin-based Apollo humanoid OEM focused on modular hardware for logistics and warehousing, with Google DeepMind as an AI partner.

Height173 cm
Mass73 kg
Runtime4 hrs
DOF71
Stack read Harmonic reducer + planetary roller screw
LogisticsWarehousing
02
US Prototype TSLA

Tesla Optimus

Camera-only perception, custom silicon, and FSD software leverage applied to a humanoid platform. The scale thesis is Tesla supply chain reuse.

Height173 cm
Mass47 kg
Runtime14 hrs with swap
DOF72
Stack read Harmonic reducer + planetary roller screw
Auto manufacturingConsumer
03
US Prototype

Figure 03

Vertically integrating AI through Helix and manufacturing through BotQ, with cost-at-scale materials like stamped steel and die-cast aluminum.

Height173 cm
Mass61 kg
Runtime5 hrs
DOF
Stack read Harmonic reducer + planetary roller screw
IndustrialHome
04
US Prototype

Agility Digit

Commercial bipedal logistics platform optimized for tote moving rather than dexterous manipulation; notable for cycloidal-pin gearing exposure.

Height175 cm
Mass65 kg
RuntimeUp to 4 hrs
DOF16
Stack read Harmonic reducer / cycloidal-pin gear
Logistics
05
CN In Production

Unitree G1

Volume leader using China EV/drone supply chains to compress BOM, priced as a research and commercial platform rather than a premium worker.

Height130 cm
Mass35 kg
Runtime2 hrs
DOF23-43
Stack read Harmonic reducer + planetary reducer
ResearchCommercial
06
CN In Production

AGIBot A2-Ultra

Data-heavy Chinese OEM with AgiBot World manipulation trajectories and a transition from teleoperation to egocentric video capture.

Height169 cm
Mass69 kg
Runtime1.5-3 hrs
DOF40
Stack read 16-core CPU, NVIDIA Jetson Orin 64G
IndustrialCommercial
JP

Harmonic Drive Systems

20-25%

JP

Nabtesco

~60% cycloidal reducers

US

NVIDIA

~70-80% robotics edge AI

JP

Sony Semiconductor

~44% CMOS sensors

CN

CATL

~37% EV batteries

GB

Shadow Robot

component_maker

Value-chain nodes

Component clusters to track

Seed map for accumulating reports, company notes, and source links as Robotics Radar expands.

Arms · legs · joints

Actuation

Physical layer

Joint modules, motors, reducers, encoders, and drivers determine whether humanoids can move safely at fleet economics.

Bottleneck thesis Torque density, reducer cost, thermal reliability
Components
  • BLDC / frameless motors
  • Harmonic reducers
  • Planetary reducers
  • Encoders
  • Motor drivers
  • Thermal paths
Company watchlist
  • Harmonic Drive
  • Nabtesco
  • Leaderdrive
  • Yaskawa
  • Nidec
  • Inovance
Head · torso · environment

Perception

Sensing layer

Cameras, depth sensors, LiDAR, tactile sensing, and sensor fusion let robots interpret people, pallets, tools, and floor geometry.

Bottleneck thesis Robust perception in messy industrial sites
Components
  • RGB cameras
  • Depth cameras
  • LiDAR
  • IMUs
  • Tactile sensors
  • Sensor bridge hardware
Company watchlist
  • NVIDIA
  • Intel RealSense
  • Ouster
  • Hesai
  • Sony Semiconductor
  • SICK
Brain · nervous system

Compute & AI

Control and intelligence

Robot foundation models, edge compute, simulation, teleoperation data, and control stacks convert perception into reliable action.

Bottleneck thesis Real-time inference, safety, and data feedback loops
Components
  • Edge AI modules
  • Robot foundation models
  • Motion planning
  • Simulation
  • Teleoperation data
  • Safety runtime
Company watchlist
  • NVIDIA
  • Google DeepMind
  • Physical Intelligence
  • Skild AI
  • Agility Robotics
  • Figure AI
Virtual world · learning loop

Simulation & World Models

Learning infrastructure

Physics simulation, synthetic data, world-model rollouts, and virtual evaluation expand robot experience before teams pay for every lesson on physical hardware.

Bottleneck thesis Action fidelity, long-horizon consistency, and measurable sim-to-real transfer
Components
  • Physics simulation
  • Synthetic data
  • World-model rollouts
  • Policy evaluation
  • System identification
  • Domain randomization
Company watchlist
  • NVIDIA
  • Google DeepMind
  • Genesis
  • Robbyant
  • Physical Intelligence
  • Skild AI
Hands · end effectors

Dexterous Hands

Manipulation layer

Hands sit at the edge of robot utility: they decide whether humanoids can handle existing tools, totes, parts, and workflows.

Bottleneck thesis Reliable grasping, tactile feedback, and repairable hand modules
Components
  • Finger actuators
  • Tactile skins
  • Tendon drives
  • Force sensors
  • Grippers
  • Manipulation policies
Company watchlist
  • Shadow Robot
  • Tesla
  • Figure AI
  • Sanctuary AI
  • Apptronik
  • Wonik Robotics
Torso · battery · cooling

Power & Thermal

Energy layer

Battery packs, BMS, charging, and thermal design determine duty cycle, payload constraints, and facility integration.

Bottleneck thesis Runtime, fast charging, heat, and safety certification
Components
  • Battery cells
  • Battery management systems
  • Charging docks
  • Thermal materials
  • Power electronics
Company watchlist
  • CATL
  • LG Energy Solution
  • Panasonic
  • Samsung SDI
  • TDK
  • Murata
Factory · fleet · customer site

Manufacturing & Deployment

Scale-up layer

Contract manufacturing, precision machining, testing, field service, and worksite safety convert prototypes into fleets.

Bottleneck thesis Yield, serviceability, safety cases, and site integration
Components
  • Precision machining
  • Final assembly
  • End-of-line testing
  • Fleet monitoring
  • Site safety systems
  • Field service
Company watchlist
  • Foxconn
  • Flex
  • Jabil
  • Agility Robotics
  • GXO
  • Schaeffler